生物化学 名词解释（Interpretation of biochemical terms）.doc

生物化学 名词解释（Interpretation of biochemical terms） The first chapter is introduction Biochemistry: the study of the chemical nature of living bodies at the molecular level and the laws of chemical changes in life processes Chemical features of life Concept: free energy: the energy that can be used to do work in the spontaneous process. Third chapter protein Concept: Amphoteric ion: in the same amino acid molecule, there are both positive ion and carboxyl negative ion. Essential amino acids: amino acids that are not synthesized in the body and must be ingested from the outside world Isoelectric point: the dissociation degree of amino acids, amino groups and carboxyl groups is equal. The net charge of amino acids is zero, and the pH value of solution is zero. The primary structure of a protein: the arrangement of amino acids in a protein polypeptide chain. The two stage structure of proteins: the polypeptide chains fold regularly or periodically along the backbone of the polypeptide chain. Domain: the protein polypeptide further crimp folded into several relatively independent spherical assemblies based on supersecondary structure. Supersecondary structure: adjacent protein molecules in two secondary structures in grade two unit structure together into the rules in space can identify body. The three - stage structure of proteins: a spatial structure that is folded and folded in an irregular manner on the basis of the two - stage structure. The four - stage structure of proteins consisting of two or more polypeptide chains, a specific spatial structure formed by secondary interactions between two polypeptide chains. Denaturation of proteins: under certain physical and chemical factors, the secondary bonds that maintain the spatial structure of proteins are destroyed, the spatial structure changes, and the primary structure remains unchanged, resulting in loss of biological activity. Renaturation of proteins: denatured proteins can reconstruct their natural conformation and