畜牧微生物学 复习简答（Animal husbandry microbiology review answer）.docVIP

畜牧微生物学 复习简答（Animal husbandry microbiology review answer） 1, the main function of cell wall: (1) maintain a certain shape of bacteria (2) protect bacteria from external osmotic pressure and harmful substances (3) it is related to the pathogenicity and antigenicity of bacteria, and to the sensitivity of phage and drug (4) it was related to the characteristics of Gram staining 2. Comparison of gram positive staining and negative bacterial cell wall: (1) gram positive bacteria: peptidoglycan has many layers, thick (strong mechanical resistance, sensitive to enzymes and penicillin), no outer membrane (LPS), no endotoxin. (2) gram negative bacteria: peptidoglycan has few levels and is thin (poor mechanical resistance, insensitive to enzymes and penicillin). Lipopolysaccharide forms an outer membrane and forms endotoxin 3 capsule function Protect bacteria from drying and other harmful environmental factors; Storage of nutrients to be reused in the absence of nutrients; It helps the bacteria adhere to the surface of the organism; It can resist phagocytosis and resist antibody of phagocytes, and make bacteria play pathogenicity 4. Spores and their characteristics: the most resistant organism in the whole organism, and whether they can destroy spores is the most important index to measure all kinds of disinfection and sterilization methods. A spore is a resting body of bacteria that can be transformed into vegetative cells under suitable conditions; spore bacteria are preserved for their spores. The bacteria that produce spores are mostly bacilli and some cocci. The presence, shape, size, and location of the spores are important indicators in the classification and identification of bacteria. Compared with vegetative cells, spores have great differences in chemical composition and are easily observed under light microscope. 5. Characteristics of viruses and their viruses: Virus: a class of non cellular structures that can reproduce only in a host cell by replication. (1) extr