病理生理思考题（Pathophysiological thinking）.doc

病理生理思考题（Pathophysiological thinking） 1. why is the site of primary hypernatremia common in the hypothalamus? Teacher: I think its called primary hypernatremia because you cant find any other lesions that cause sodium retention in the body. It is often because of water, sodium central regulation function obstacle, namely hypothalamus pathological changes. When the hypothalamus is diseased, the thirsty center in this region is involved, which can lead to a decrease in fluid intake, which can lead to dehydration and elevated serum sodium and chlorine, which can lead to hypernatremia. Aldosteronism is due to the exclusive effect of aldosterone on the excretion of potassium and sodium, and can also lead to hypernatremia, which is secondary to aldosterone. 2., ADH secretion increases, why can cause extracellular fluid volume normal hyponatremia? Its increased secretion, not the reabsorption of water has increased it? Then why is the fluid volume normal? Teacher: National textbooks in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretie hormone, SIADH) separated and hypervolemic hyponatremia and SIADH, and our textbook is the two with the description, there is not much difference in essence, SIADH blood volume (ECF) is can increase the. The activity of ADH increased distal tubule and collecting duct epithelial cells increase in water permeability, and water reabsorption, urine volume decreased; at the same time due to increased blood volume caused by dilutional hyponatremia, aldosterone secretion inhibition, third factor release, the renal tubular sodium and uric acid excretion. 3., the free water in the kidneys to reduce the formation, why can be seen in the low blood volume? Low blood volume caused by formaldehyde release of solid copper, a row of potassium sodium and aldosterone, with sodium ions active reabsorption of sodium ions and water washing increased weight also increased, the kidney in the free wat