高中化学有机物的性质汇编（A compilation of the properties of organic compounds in high school chemistry）.docVIP

高中化学有机物的性质汇编（A compilation of the properties of organic compounds in high school chemistry） Experiment of physical property 1. there are only two experiments involving physical properties of organic substances in current chemistry textbooks in middle schools: (1) fractionation of petroleum Experiment: assemble a distillation device, 100mL oil into the distillation flask, add a few pieces of broken tiles to prevent oil bumping. Then, the fractions of 60 DEG C to 150 C and 150 to 300 DEG C were collected respectively. Phenomenon and interpretation: petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons with no fixed boiling point. When heated to oil, the low boiling hydrocarbons are gasified first and separated by distillation. As the temperature rises, the high boiling point hydrocarbons are re distilled and separated after distillation. The fraction collected at 60 degrees C to 150 C is gasoline, and the fraction at 150 to 300 DEG C is kerosene. (2) protein salting out; Experiment: in a test tube containing chicken protein solution, slowly add saturated (NH4) 2 SO4 or Na2SO4 solution to observe the phenomenon. Then, a small amount of liquid with precipitation is added to a test tube containing distilled water to see if the precipitate is dissolved. Phenomenon and interpretation: precipitation of precipitation, precipitation of precipitation can be dissolved in water. By adding certain strong inorganic salts to the protein solution, the solubility of the protein decreases and the protein condenses out. This action is called salting out. Salting out is a reversible process. 2., the physical properties of organic compounds also show some regularity, now summarized as follows: (1) color: most of the organic substances are colorless, only a few substances have color. The products of oxidation, such as phenol, are pink. (2) state: the number of carbon atoms in the molecule is not more than 4 of the hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes and alkynes), hydrocarbon derivatives of methyl chloride, g