高中化学电解池（High school chemical electrolyzer）.docVIP

高中化学电解池（High school chemical electrolyzer） Special review materials for chemistry in the second round of senior middle school Solubility product and related calculation and calculation Sorting out: Cai Kunlian I. main points of knowledge: 1, insoluble and insoluble Solubility, soluble, soluble, slightly soluble, insoluble Solubility is greater than 10g, 1g-10g, 0.01g-1g is less than 0.01g 2, AgCl establish dissolved equilibrium in water When V (dissolved) = V (precipitation), a saturated AgCl solution is obtained, and a dissolution equilibrium is established AgCl (s) (AQ) + Ag + Cl - (AQ) 3, the characteristics of dissolved equilibrium: inverse, equal, dynamic, fixed, and change Conclusion: the formation of insoluble electrolyte ion reaction limits - there is always a certain amount of dissolved in water, in this sense is any precipitation reaction is not complete, but due to the constant under the reaction, 0.01g is very small, the ion concentration is less than 1 * 10 5mol/L, that complete reaction. Therefore, the reaction that usually produces insoluble substances is thought to be complete. 4. Influencing factors of dissolution equilibrium (1) temperature: the temperature increases, most of them move toward the direction of dissolution, and the solubility increases. (2) acidity and basicity: according to the principle of equilibrium movement, the scale is dissolved in hydrochloric acid CaCO3 (S) Ca2++CO32- CO32-+H+ HCO3 - HCO3 - HCO3 - CO2 = H+ + + H2O Move the dissolved balance to the right and dissolve the insoluble matter. (3) some salt solutions: experimental investigation (Experiment 3-3) Three small amounts of Mg (OH) 2 precipitated in the tubes were added with proper amount of distilled water, hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride solution to observe and record the phenomenon Reagent, distilled water, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride phenomenon Conclusion: to reduce the corresponding ions in the dissolved equilibrium system, the equilibrium will move