鼻出血（Epistaxis）.docVIP

鼻出血（Epistaxis） Epistaxis: Treatment The first step: first aid 1. relax first. Epistaxis is a very painful thing for the patient (and for you), so you must keep calm before the patient, which is very helpful for the treatment 2. wear protective clothing. Epistaxis can bleed a lot. Protect yourself. Remember the 3G rule, that is, wear goggles, wear gown and gloves 3., if necessary, your patient should be resuscitated. Dont forget to check the airway, breathing and circulation 4. rapid and comprehensive assessment of patient history 5. make sure that the patient is seated and the upper part of the body is slightly forward to prevent the flow of blood into the pharynx. Most of the bleeding originates from the anterior nasal septum 6. let the patient pinch the lower part of the nose for 10-15 minutes, so that the bleeding area can be directly pressed (Figure 1). This will promote blood clotting 7. at the same time, patients with mouth breathing, and all the blood or saliva spit into the cuspidor 8. applying an ice pack over the nose (from the bridge of the nose to the tip of the nose) may help to stop the bleeding 9. by direct compression, bleeding will usually stop. If the blood is still unable to stop after two direct pressurization, other treatment methods should be considered 10. after the direct compression method stops bleeding, the doctor may examine the nasal cavity and then undergo a cautery treatment. For a small amount of bleeding in the nasal septum, the cauterization of silver nitrate can stop the bleeding, but this can be ineffective if there is a lot of bleeding. You may need to ask a nurse for help when you are using cautery therapy Table 1: medical history Consider the following questions: Where is the bleeding located? How much did the patient lose? Does the bleeding occur again and again? Is it located in the pharynx? Have you had any trauma recently? Are there any symptoms of low blood volume? What is the patients past medical history and current medi