Atomic Theories Timeline：原子理论的时间表.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Atomic Theory Let’s Take a Trip Through Time! Democritus460 – 370 B.C. There are various basic elements from which all matter is made Everything is composed of small atoms moving in a void Some atoms are round, pointy, oily, have hooks, etc. to account for their properties Ideas rejected by leading philosophers because void = no existence First Concept of an Atom John Dalton1766-1844 Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms All the atoms of a given element are identical, but they differ from those of any other element Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in any chemical reaction A given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms * Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1808) 1. Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms. 2. All atoms of a given element are identical, having the same size, mass and chemical properties. The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. 3. Compounds are composed of atoms of more than one element. In any compound, the ratio of the numbers of atoms of any two of the elements present is either an integer or a simple fraction (Law of Definite Proportion). 4. A chemical reaction involves only the separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms; it does not result in their creation or destruction. Dalton’s Model * Law of Multiple Proportions * 8 X2Y 16 X 8 Y + Law of Conservation of Mass Modern Atomic Theory “Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed.” Atoms can be destroyed via nuclear reactions but not by chemical reactions. “Atoms of a given element are identical* in size, mass, and other properties;” There are different kinds of atoms (differing by their masses) within an element that are known as isotopes“. J.J. Thomson(Discovery of Electron)1856-1940 Discovered electron 1897 – Cathode Ray Experiment Plum Pudding model 1904 Electrons in a soup of positive charg