Position-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs：位置的时间和速度时间曲线图.ppt

Position-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs Questions for Consideration What is a position-time graph? What is a velocity-time graph? How do features on one graph translate into features on the other? Position-Time Graphs Show an object’s position as a function of time. x-axis: time y-axis: position Position-Time Graphs Imagine a ball rolling along a table, illuminated by a strobe light every second. You can plot the ball’s position as a function of time. 0 s 1 s 2 s 3 s 4 s 5 s 6 s 7 s 8 s 9 s 10 s Position-Time Graphs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time (s) position (cm) Position-Time Graphs What are the characteristics of this graph? Straight line, upward slope What kind of motion created this graph? Constant speed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 time (s) position (cm) Position-Time Graphs Each type of motion has a characteristic shape on a P-T graph. Constant speed Zero speed (at rest) Accelerating (speeding up) Decelerating (slowing down) Position-Time Graphs Constant speed is represented by a straight segment on the P-T graph. time (s) pos. (m) Constant speed in positive direction. time (s) pos. (m) Constant speed in negative direction. Position-Time Graphs Constant speed is represented by a straight segment on the P-T graph. time (s) pos. (m) A horizontal segment means the object is at rest. Position-Time Graphs Curved segments on the P-T graph mean the object’s speed is changing. time (s) pos. (m) Speeding up in positive direction. time (s) pos. (m) Speeding up in negative direction. Position-Time Graphs Curved segments on the P-T graph mean the object’s speed is changing. time (s) pos. (m) Traveling in positive direction, but slowing down. time (s) pos. (m) Traveling in negative direction, but slowing down. Position-Time Graphs The slope of a P-T graph is equal to the object’s velocity in that segment. time (s) position (m) 10 20 30 40 10 20 30 40 50 slope = change in y change in x slope = (30 m – 10 m) (30 s – 0 s) slope = (20 m)