第五讲阅读理解命题分析及预测.docVIP

第五讲 阅读理解命题分析与预测 从历年英语四、六级阅读理解的题型来看，主要包括以下五个方面的内容：1.细节问题；2.主旨问题；3.结论问题；4.词语问题；5.排除问题。 一、细节问题 1.事实细节题。细节问题是最基本的考试题目，主要目的在于考查对文章中某些事实和数据的掌握，例如：时间、地点、人物、数量、事件等。这类问题的答案一般都能和原文中的某些词语、句子等保持一致，容易被找到。常用的命题形式有：1.The major advantage of...is____.2.A characteristic of the information age is that____.3.The word “liability” (Para.1,Line 4) most probably means____.4.The reduction of the possible hazards in food ultimately depends on____.5.According to the passage,when and where...? 2.抓住关键词语或短语。在阅读过程中认真分析，看清句子结构和事实的细节。例如(1993年6月六级阅读理解37题)：37.To “live a completely sedentary lifestyle”(Line 7,Para 1) in the passage means____.A)to “live an inactive life”B)to “live a decent life”C)to “live a life with complete freedom”D)to “live a life of vice”本题考核考生根据上下文确定一个词组意思的能力。to live a completely sedentary lifestyle中实际上只有sedentary一词学生没学过，只要能根据上下文确定sedentary的词义就行了。这一词组的上文谈论的是“如果我们愿意，我们可以……(If we so desire,we can...)”，接下来列举了5件事：一是“抽烟(to smoke)”，二是“酗酒(drink excessively)”，三是“(开车时)不系安全带(refuse to wear seat belts)”，四是“想吃什么就吃什么(eat whatever foods we want)”，五是“live a completely sedentary lifestyle”。上面列举的4件事，都是具体的，日常的事情。题干下的4个选项中能与文中所列4件事同类的只有A项“过缺少活动的生活”。文章里to live a completely sedentary lifestyle后面紧接着的是without any exercise(不运动，不锻炼)。由此可知A项是正确答案。在实际考试中，答对的仅占39%，而半数考生误选了C项(过完全自由的生活)。选错题根本原因在于考生不知道根据上下文来确定一个词或一个词组的意思(即对细节的理解)。 3.根据社会经验和生活常识进行答题。例如：One of the greatest mysteries of the world,for which scientists have been unableto find any satisfactory explanation,is the Bermuda Triangle,some times called “The Graveyard of the Atalantic.”This is an area of the western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida,roughty triangular in shape,where since 1945 at least a hundred ships and planes and over a thousund people have disappeared.No wreckage has been found,no bodies,lifebelts or any other evidence of disaster.It is as if these planes,ships and people had never existed.What is the most puzzling feature of the incidents that have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle area?A)The