The above shows a typical BOP operating piston （上面显示了一个典型的防喷器操作活塞）.pdfVIP

S P E C I A L M A R I N E E D I T I O N The above shows a typical BOP operating piston assembly with a transverse-mounted locking mechanism. Design evolution of a subsea BOP Blowout preventer requirements get tougher as drilling goes ever deeper By Melvyn F (Mel) Whitby, What has changed, however, and is in Therefore, it must function without fail. Cameron’s Drilling System Group a constant state of flux are the oper- One possible enhancement involves tak- ating parameters and the manner in ing advantage of advances in metallurgy THE FIRST RAM BOP was devel- which BOPs are used in today’s drilling to use higher-strength materials in ram oped in 1920, and, in the last 90 years, activities. Today, a subsea BOP can be connecting rods or ram-shafts. the principle of operation of a ram BOP required to operate in water depths of has not deviated much from the original greater than 10,000 ft, at pressures of up The newbuild drilling and production concept. to 15,000 psi and even 25,000 psi, with facilities under construction for today’s internal wellbore fluid temperatures up market are limited for space and han- In a typical design, a set of 2 rams is to 400° F and external immersed temper- dling capabilities and, therefore, require mechanically or hydraulically closed atures coming close to freezing (34° F). that BOP stacks be lighter-weight and either around a wellbore tubular to form take up less space on the rig while pro- a pressure-tight seal