The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation （自然通风的流体力学）.pdf

PERGAMON Building and Environment 34 (1999) 707-720 The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation-displacement ventilation by buoyancy-driven flows assisted by wind G.R. Hunt*, P.F. Linden Dqmrtrmwt of’AppliedMathematics and Theoretical Physics. Uuicersit,vof’ Cambridge,Silver Street, Cambridge, CB3 YEW. U.K. ibstract This paper describes the fluid mechanics of natural ventilation by the combined effects of buoyancy and wind. Attention is restricted to transient draining flows in a space containing buoyant fluid, when the wind and buoyancy forces reinforce one another. The flows have been studied theoretically and the results compared with small-scale laboratory experiments. Connections between the enclosure and the surrounding fluid are with high-level and low-level openings on both windward and leeward faces. Dense fluid enters through windward openings at low levels and displaces the lighter fluid within the enclosure through high-level, leeward openings. A strong, stable stratification develops in this case and a displacement flow is maintained for a range of Froude numbers. The rate at which the enclosure drains increases as the wind-induced pressure drop between the inlet and outlet is increased and as the density difference between the exterior and interior environment is increased. A major result of this work is the identification of the form of the nonlinear relationship between the buoyancy and w