Tinalloy heterostructures encapsulated in （Tinalloy异质结构封装在）.pdfVIP

Electrochimica Acta 89 (2013) 387–393 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Electrochimica Acta j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. elsev /locate/electact a Tin-alloy heterostructures encapsulated in amorphous carbon nanotubes as hybrid anodes in rechargeable lithium ion batteries Xifei Li a , Yu Zhong a , Mei Cai b , Michael P. Balogh b , Dongniu Wang a , Yong Zhang a , Ruying Li a , Xueliang Sun a,∗ a Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada b General Motors RD Center, Warren, MI 48090-9055, USA a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Sn anode in rechargeable lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is currently being intensely investigated due to Received 3 September 2012 high reversible capacity and energy density as compared to the commercialized graphite anode. How- Received in revised form 26 October 2012 ever, large volume change upon cycling causes poor cyclic performance, which prevents the practical Accepted 22 November 2012 application of Sn anode in LIBs. In this study, the nanosized Mx Sn (M = Ni, Fe, and Cr) alloys were encap- Available online xxx sulated in amorphous carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) creating hybrid anode heterostructures. The structure of the hybrid anodes was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron micro- Keywords: