Tribology Issues in Electrical Contacts（电触点的摩擦学问题）.pdfVIP

Tribology Issues in Electrical Contacts M.D. Bryant Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712-1063 Dedicated to the late Dr. Ralph Ashley Burton, who introduced me to Electrical Contacts. Roadmap • Introduction Define electrical contacts Review: Contact principles Review: Electrical concepts • Electrical contact physics • Selected problem areas Connectors Sliding contacts/brushes Switches and relays Electrical Contacts Review • Definition: Ragnar Holm, Electric Contacts, Theory and Application, 4th edition, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981. electrical contact ….. a releasable junction between two conductors which is apt to carry electric current. • Purpose: Transfer charge across a mechanical interface between conductors. Electric contacts permit frequent and convenient connection and disconnection of circuits. • Common Applications Switches Relays Connectors Plugs Sliding contacts: brushes • Background = All areas of classical physics: Tribology + Electrical Engineering + Chemistry + Materials + Mechanics + Quantum effects Electrical Contact Make Press bodies together ⇒ Contact pressures area Voltage difference ⇒ current Charge carriers “jump” interfacial gap Contact impedance (resistance) depends on Real contact area materials films lines of current conductor 1 conductor 2 Electrical Contact Requirements • Electrical • Mechanical Conductive Contact stays together