射频放大器rfamp之ip3量测步骤如下.docVIP

2.2 射頻系統參數介紹 射頻發射系統之整體參數包括：1dB壓縮點，系統增益。 射頻接收系統之個別參數包括: (1) 各單元之增益(gain)，雜訊指數(noise figure)，三階截斷點(IP3) (2) 第一個混波器及之前各單元之影像增益(image gain)及影像雜訊指數 (3) 第一個本地振盪器之輸出功率，寬頻雜訊(wide-band noise)，第一 個混波器之MNB (mixer noise balance) 射頻接收系統之整體參數包括：系統增益，雜訊指數，零敏度(sensitivity)，三階截斷點, 無交互調變動態範圍 (intermodulation-free dynamic range)，接收動態範圍(receiving dynamic range)。 Fig 2.6 Typical dual-conversion receiver. 2.2.1增益 單元增益 (in dB) (2.6) 系統增益 (Assume all stages are well matched) (in dB) (2.7) Fig 2.7 系統方塊圖. 2.2.2雜訊指數 (NF) Noise power is a result of random processes such as the thermal vibrations in a component at temperature above absolute zero (Johnson or Nyquist noise ) Consider a resistor (R) at a temperature of T degree Kelvin (K) ( this voltage has a zero average value, but a nonzero rms value given by Planck‘s black body radiation law. (2.8) where , and If f 1000 GHz and T at normal temperature (2.9) This is the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation = white noise source. Noise figure is used to describe the noise contribution of a device. In real-world, for example, an amplifier will not only amplifier the noise at its input, but will contribute its own noise to a signal. This reduces the signal to noise ratio at the output of the amplifier. Noise figure is a measure of how much a device degrades the signal to noise ratio. We can directly measure the noise figure of a device using following equation, if we adhere to the rule that the noise figure of a device is only calculated with the input noise level at kTB. (2.10) It is generally the first amplifier in the chain which will have the greatest influence upon the signal to noise ratio because the noise floor is lowest at that point in the chain. The noise figure is defined as (2.11) For band-limit white noise and constant gain: