压缩图片和图像.ppt

数据压缩方法：无损压缩、有损压缩。 LZ编码在接收方和发送方都需要字典和算法。 Chapter 15 Data Compression Realize the need for data compression. Differentiate between lossless and lossy compression. Understand three lossless compression encoding techniques:run-length, Huffman, and Lempel Ziv. After reading this chapter, the reader should be able to: OBJECTIVES Understand two lossy compression methods: JPEG andMPEG. Figure 15-1 Data compression methods 无损方法 有损方法 游程 长度 霍夫曼 15.1 Lossless Compression 15.2 Lossy Compression Methods Contents Summary LOSSLESS COMPRESSION METHODS 15.1 Lossless data compression:无损数据压缩。 Run-length encoding(游程长度编码):将数据中连续出现的符号用符号和该符号重复的次数来代替。 Huffman Lempel Ziv Key terms Figure 15-2 Run-length encoding example Lossless data compression:无损数据压缩。 Run-length encoding Huffman:对出现频繁的符号，分配较短的编码；出现较少的符号，分配较长的编码。 Lempel Ziv Key terms Table 15.1 Frequency of characters Character A B C D E --------------------------------------------------- Frequency 17 12 12 27 32 Huffman coding Figure 15-4 Huffman coding Figure 15-5 Final tree and code Figure 15-6 Huffman encoding Figure 15-7 Huffman decoding Lossless data compression:无损数据压缩。 Run-length encoding Huffman Lempel Ziv:在通信对话的时候产生一个字符串字典(表) (dictionary)(table)。 建立字典索引(building an indexed dictionary) 压缩字符串(Compressing a string of symbols) Key terms Figure 15-8:Part I Example of Lempel Ziv encoding Figure 15-8:Part 2 Example of Lempel Ziv encoding Figure 15-9: Part I Example of Lempel Ziv decoding Figure 15-9: Part II Example of Lempel Ziv decoding LOSSY COMPRESSION METHODS 15.2 Lossy Compression methods:有损压缩方法。 JPEG(联合图像专家组, Joint Photographic Experts Group)：压缩图片和图像。 MPEG(运动图像专家组,Moving Picture Experts Group)：压缩视频。 Key terms Figure 15-10 JPEG gray scale example, 640 x 480 pixels Figure 15-11 JPEG process 离散余弦变换 量化 MPEG(运动图像专家组,Moving Picture Experts Group)：压缩视频。 压缩视频:对每一帧空间上的压缩和对一系列帧时间上的压缩. 空间压缩(Spatial compression):使用JPEG。 时间压缩(Temporal compression)：丢弃多余的帧。 Key terms Figure 15-16 MPEG frames Summary ? 数据压缩携带了原始信息，但是减少了传送的