1海洋生物的生物学特性和生存现状（1 biological characteristics and survival status of marine organisms）.docVIP

1海洋生物的生物学特性和生存现状（1 biological characteristics and survival status of marine organisms） More than 85% of the time is spent entirely in the ocean. The study of the origin and evolution of life can not be separated from the work of marine biology. The diversity of marine organisms, mainly of animal species, is far greater than that of land and freshwater, and many species of animals can only live in the ocean. To understand the taxonomic system and its evolution of the whole organism, marine biology must be studied. The sea area accounted for 71% of the earths surface, it is a collection of many industrial wastes, marine ecology research not only helps to protect the living environment, but also directly related to the development and utilization of marine resource. Marine organisms have some special physiological functions and biochemical characteristics, such as swimming ability of marine fishes and mammals, echolocation and temperature regulation, which have become important research contents of bionics. Marine biology also occupies an important position in the national economic construction. Marine biology is an important source of human food, the edible marine algae has reached nearly 100 kinds, such as kelp, laver; edible marine animal is more, animal protein in the world consumed (including feed meal), about 12.5% ~ 20% (fresh basis) from the sea. Marine biology is agricultural and pharmaceutical raw materials, such as extracted from seaweed alginate, agar and carrageenan were used for food, brewing, paint, textile, papermaking and printing industry; from the marine organisms to extract various enzymes and hormones, peptides, polysaccharides, fatty acid, production of neurotoxin, anesthetic, hemostatic agents, antihypertensive agents, antibiotics, antibiotics, anticancer drug substances. Pearl, red coral, angle coral and other marine organisms are valuable decorations and process materials. Mangroves and seagrass with berm breakwater and so on, their growth area