泛函分析题15凸集与不动点答案.docVIP

泛函分析题1_5凸集与不动点p52 1.5.1 设X是B*空间，E是以(为内点的真凸子集，P是由E产生的Minkowski泛函，求证： (1) x(int(E) ( P(x) 1； (2) cl(int(E)) = cl(E)． 证明：(1) (() 若x(int(E)，存在( 0，使得B( (x) ( E． 注意到x + x/n ( x ( n ( ( )，故存在N ( (+，使得x + x/N ( B( (x) ( E． 即x/( N/( 1 + N ) ) (E．因此P(x) ( N/( 1 + N ) 1． (() 若P(x) 1．则存在a 1，使得y = a x(E． 因((int(E)，故存在( 0，使得B( (() ( E． 令( = ( (a ( 1)/a，(z(B( (x)，令w = (a z ( y )/(a ( 1)， 则|| w || = || (a z ( y )/(a ( 1) || = || a z ( y ||/(a ( 1) = || a z ( a x ||/(a ( 1) = a || z ( x ||/(a ( 1) a(/(a ( 1) = (． 故w(B( (() ( E． 故z = ((a ( 1)w + y )/a ( E， 因此，B( (x) ( E． 所以x(int(E)． (2) 因int(E) = E，故有cl(int(E)) ( cl(E)．下面证明相反的包含关系． 若x(cl(E)，则(( 0，存在y(E，使得|| x ( y || (/2． 因ny/(n + 1) ( y ( n ( ( )． 故存在N ( (+，使得|| Ny/(N + 1) ( y || (/2． 令z = Ny/(N + 1)，则z(E，且P(z) ( N/(N + 1) 1， 由(1)知z (int(E)． 而|| z ( x || ( || z ( y || + || y ( x || (/2 + (/2 = (． 故x(cl(int(E))，因此cl(E) ( cl(int(E)) 所以cl(int(E)) = cl(E)． 1.5.2 求证在B空间中，列紧集的凸包是列紧集． 证明：设A是B空间X中的列紧集，(( 0，存在A的有限( /3网B． 设B = {b1, b2, ..., bn}，M = max j { || bj || }， 取( 0，使得n ( M ( /3． 设[0, 1]分划D为0 = t0 t1 t2 ... tm = 1，使得max 1 ( j ( m {| tj – tj –1|} (． 设(x(co(A)，设x = (1 a1 + (2 a2 + ... + ( k a k，其中a j( A，( j 0，( j ( j = 1． 对每个j ( k，存在bi( j )(B使得|| aj ( bi( j ) || ( /3； 令y = (1 bi(1) + (2 bi(2) + ... + ( k bi(k)， 则|| x ( y || = || (1 (a1 ( bi(1)) + (2 (a2 ( bi(2)) + ... + ( k (a k ( bi(k)) ||， ( (1 · || a1 ( bi(1) || + (2 · || a2 ( bi(2) || + ... + ( k · || a k ( bi(k) || ( ( (1 + (2 + ... + ( k ) · (( /2) = ( /3． 将y = (1 bi(1) + (2 bi(2) + ... + ( k bi(k)中的那些含有相同bj的项合并起来， 于是，y可表示为y = (1 b1 + (2 b2 + ... + ( n bn，其中(j ( 0，且( j (j = 1． 对每个l ( n，存在t s( l )(D，使得|| ( l ( t s( l ) || (； 令z = t s(1) b1 + t s(2) b2 + ... + t s(n) bn， 则|| y ( z || = || ((1 ( t s(1)) b1 + ((2 ( t s(2)) b2 + ... + ((n ( t s(n)) bn || ( ( l | ( l ( t s( l ) | · max j { || bj || } ( n ( M ( /3； 令C = {t s(1) b1 + t s(2) b2 + ... + t s(n) bn | t s(i)(D，1 ( i ( n}， 则C是有限集，且C是co(A)的有限( 网． 因空间是完备的，故co(A)是列紧集． 1.5.3 设C是B*空间X中的一个紧凸集，映射T : C ( C连续，求证T