交易成本不为零条件下的一般均衡分析.pdfVIP

交易成本不为零条件下的一般均衡分析 谢志平 山东大学经济研究院（中心） 250100 0 交易成本不为零条件下的一般均衡分析 摘要：交易成本固定项会破坏消费者名义偏好的连续性和凸性，从而使得消费者的理性选择 变得十分复杂。本文发现了一种解析几何方法，该方法通过把非线性规划问题用动态规划的 方法来处理可以把多维空间的消费者理性选择问题转换到二维平面中分析，从而大大简化了 交易成本固定项引起的复杂性。在交易成本固定项也大于零的条件下，本文证明：1) 市场 的供求函数在许多价格点是不连续的，但供求曲线是关于市场报价连续移动的，且在不连续 的地方，交易者是否交易无差异；2) 市场均衡价格总是存在的，但在均衡价格下，市场彻 底出清的条件是：要么协商交易成本为零，要么在特殊条件下采用计划手段。 关键词：一般均衡、交易成本、偏好的凸性、偏好的连续性、供求函数的连续性 An Analysis of General Equilibrium With Positive Transaction Cost Abstract: The fixed term of transaction cost will ruin the continuity and convexity of consumers’ nominal preference so that the rational choice of consumers will become extremely complicated. I have found an analytically geometric approach, by which the multiply-dimension choice problem of rational consumers can be tackled with two-dimension diagram, so the analysis of the fixed term of transaction cost will be simplified. Then, in the case that the fixed term of transaction cost is positive, this paper proves that: 1) The market supply and demand functions will be discontinuous at many price points, but the move of supply and demand curves will be continuous with respect to price, and at those price points incurring discontinuity, the corresponding traders’ utility or profit will be indifferent between making a trade and doing nothing. 2) There must exist a market equilibrium price, at which, however, one of the necessary conditions for the market absolutely and soundly clearing must be either that the cost of negotiation and arrangement among related traders is zero or to adopt some planning way to deal with the special situation. Keywords: general equilibrium, transaction cost, convexity of preference, continuity of preference, continuit