铁道车辆轮轨接触疲劳的影响因素-表面技术.pdfVIP

表面技术 第 45 卷 第 11 期 ·48 · SURFACE TECHNOLOGY 2016 年 11 月 铁道车辆轮轨接触疲劳的影响因素 封亚明，何柏林 （华东交通大学 机电工程学院，南昌 330013） 摘 要：随着铁路客货运量的增大和列车速度的提高，使得高速铁路的轨道必然比普通线路具有更高 的安全性、可靠性和平顺性，为保证轨道结构的这些要求，轨道各部件的力学性能、使用性能和组成 为结构的整体性能都比普通轨道部件高，但在高速铁路轨道上仍然存在很多问题。目前，轮轨接触疲 劳是最常见的轮轨问题，国内外许多学者对此做了研究。导致机车车辆轮轨接触疲劳的因素有很多， 指出了当下一些常见的轮轨接触疲劳损伤形式，同时对滚动接触疲劳的影响因素进行了简要分析。为 了研究疲劳损伤产生、发展的机理和影响因素，通过查阅大量资料，了解了各种常见损伤的产生和发 展机理，并总结了在该领域的研究方向与热点，同时指出了当下高速铁路建设中存在的技术难题。结 合轮轨接触疲劳的失效形式和磨损的特点，从材料对踏面的影响、高速与重载对轮轨接触疲劳的影响、 润滑剂对轮轨裂纹增长的影响等方面，进一步提出预防和减缓钢轨接触疲劳损伤的具体措施。 关键词：轮轨接触损伤；材料；高速与重载；润滑剂；接触疲劳；裂纹增长 中图分类号：TG405 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2016)11-0048-07 DOI ：10.16490/j.cnki.issn.1001-3660.2016.11.007 Influence Factors of Railway Vehicle Wheel/Rail Contact Fatigue FENG Ya-ming, HE Bo-lin (College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China) ABSTRACT: With the increase of train speed as well as passenger and freight volume, high-speed rail track is inevitably re- quired to provide higher level of security, reliability and smoothness than ordinary lines. In order to guarantee these require- ments of track structure, mechanical properties, usability and overall structural performance of the various track components shall be much higher than that of ordinary track components. However, a lot of problems are still present in the high-speed rail- way track. Currently, wheel/rail contact fatigue is the most common problem in the wheel-rail issues. Many domestic and for- eign scholars have made efforts in study such problem. Locomotive wheel/rail contact fatigue is caused by various fact