生理学简答题汇总5-8（Physiology brief answer summary 5-8）.doc

生理学简答题汇总5-8（Physiology brief answer summary 5-8） 30. what is called intrapleural pressure? Formation and physiological significance of intrathoracic pressure A: the pressure in the pleural cavity is called the intrapleural pressure. The formation of pleural pressure is related to the natural volume of the lung and thorax. From the first breath after the birth of the fetus, the lung is drawn and is always expanding. Intrapleural pressure = intrapulmonary pressure + (pulmonary retraction pressure) Physiological significance: 1. It is beneficial for the lung to keep expanding; It is beneficial to the reflux of vein and lymph. 31. briefly describe the physiological significance of pulmonary surfactant A: alveolar surfactant is mainly produced by alveolar type II cells and is a complex lipoprotein mixture. The main role of pulmonary surfactant is to reduce the surface tension of the alveolar fluid air interface and reduce the retraction force of the alveoli. Physiological meaning: It helps maintain the stability of the alveoli; Reduce the formation of lung tissue fluid and prevent pulmonary edema; Reduce inspiratory resistance and reduce inspiratory work. 32. lung ventilation volume and alveolar clearance difference? Answer: pulmonary ventilation refers to the total amount of gas inhaled or exhaled per minute, = tidal volume * respiratory rate Alveolar ventilation refers to the amount of fresh air inhaled into the alveoli every minute, = (tidal volume, void volume) * respiratory rate As a result, ventilation volume, excluding ventilation volume between the alveoli and the blood, can truly indicate an effective volume of gas exchange compared to the pulmonary ventilation volume. 33. what is a physiological void? What is the effect on breathing when the void chamber is markedly enlarged? Why? Answer: alveolar void cavity and anatomical void cavity collectively referred to as physiological void cavity. Invalid cavity increases, can lead to ventilation in alveolar blood gas