an inter-networking mechanism with stepwise synchronization for wireless sensor networks一个网际网路与逐步同步机制的无线传感器网络.pdfVIP

Sensors 2011, 11, 8241-8260; doi:10.3390/s110908241 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article An Inter-Networking Mechanism with Stepwise Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks Hiroshi Yamamoto , Naoki Wakamiya and Masayuki Murata Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; E-Mails: wakamiya@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp (N.W.); murata@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp (M.M.) Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: hirosi-y@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-6-6879-4542; Fax: +81-6-6879-4544. Received: 12 July 2011; in revised form: 1 August 2011 / Accepted: 22 August 2011 / Published: 25 August 2011 Abstract: To realize the ambient information society, multiple wireless networks deployed in the region and devices carried by users are required to cooperate with each other. Since duty cycles and operational frequencies are different among networks, we need a mechanism to allow networks to efficiently exchange messages. For this purpose, we propose a novel inter-networking mechanism where two networks are synchronized with each other in a moderate manner, which we call stepwise synchronization. With our proposal, to bridge the gap between intrinsic operational frequencies, nodes near the border of networks adjust their operational frequencies in a stepwise fashion based on the pulse-coupled oscillator model as a fundamental theory of synchronization. Through simulation experiments, we show that the communication delay