医学微生物学名词解释（Interpretation of medical microbiology）.docVIP

医学微生物学名词解释（Interpretation of medical microbiology） 1. microorganisms exist in nature with small size, quantity, invisible, must by means of optical microscope or electron microscope magnified hundreds of times or even tens of thousands of times, to observe a group of small lower organisms. 2. microbiology: To study the distribution, morphological structure, microbial life activities (including physiological metabolism, growth and reproduction), and variation of genetic interactions in nature, distribution and environmental science and their control. 3. medical microbiology: biological characteristics, research and human medicine related pathogenic microorganisms and mechanism of human infection and disease specific diagnostic methods and measures of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, to control or even eliminate the disease for the purpose of science. The 4. generation: the time required for bacterial division to multiply. 5. cell wall: a tough, elastic membranous structure covering the membrane of bacterial cells. 6. peptidoglycan or peptidoglycan: is endemic to prokaryote cell wall, mainly composed of chitosan skeleton, four peptide side chains and peptide or peptide bond between called form. 7. lipopolysaccharide: the specific structure of the outer membrane of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria, that is, bacterial endotoxin. It is composed of lipid A, core polysaccharide and specific polysaccharide. 8. plasmid: it is a genetic material in which bacteria are stained in vitro. The structure is double chain closed loop DNA. It has genetic information and has self replication function. Bacteria can be obtained certain specific traits, such as resistance, toxicity and so on. 9. capsule: certain bacteria secrete mucus like substances that surround the cell wall and form a transparent layer with well-defined boundaries and less staining. Mainly composed of polysaccharides, a small number of bacteria are polypeptides. Its main function is anti phagocy