第六章：高级英语写作：Writing Paragraphs.pdfVIP

Writing Paragraphs 1. Argumentative Essay Definition: In this kind of essay, we not only give information but also present an argument with the PROS (supporting ideas) and CONS (opposing ideas) of an argumentative issue. We should clearly take our stand and write as if we are trying to persuade an opposing audience to adopt new beliefs or behavior. The primary objective is to persuade people to change beliefs that many of them do not want to change. Argumentative or persuasive essays? While some teachers consider persuasive and argument papers to be basically the same thing, it’s usually safe to assume that an argument paper presents a stronger claim—possibly to a more resistant audience. For example: while a persuasive paper might claim that cities need to adopt recycling programs, an argument paper on the same topic might be addressed to a particular town. The argument paper would go further, suggesting specific ways that a recycling program should be adopted and utilized in that particular area. 议论文是一种议论说理的文章，以抽象的思维形式，通过运用概念、判断、推理等逻辑形式 论证和阐述作者的观点，表明作者赞成什么，反对什么。议论文的目的主要是说服别人接受 或支持某种观点、同意所提出的某项决策或采取所倡导的某种行动。 议论文写作必须做到论点明确、论据充分、论证严密。议论文强调准确性和逻辑性，注重篇 章结构，讲究修辞模式。另外，议论文常使用规范的书面语，更能增添文章的厚重感和读者 对文章的信任感。 2. When to use argumentative essays  When you are agreeing or disagreeing with sth or sb.  When you have an opinion and try to convince your readers to accept your opinions. 3. Structure of argumentative essays What are the features of an effective argumentative essay? An effective argumentative essay needs to meet the following specific requirements. It introduces and explains the problem or issue, sometimes tracing its causes, In some cases it states the possible positions to be taken on the problem. It states the position that this essay will take. It offers proof that the position taken in this essay is reasonable to hold. It anticipates objections to this specific posi