八年级上册物理（Eight grade physics）.docVIP

八年级上册物理（Eight grade physics） 1) sound phenomena 1. physics is the study of sound, light, heat, electricity, force and other physical phenomena. 2. the sound is produced by the vibration of the object. Sound propagation requires medium. A vacuum cannot transmit sound. 3., the three characteristics of sound: Pitch: determined by the frequency of the objects vibration, the faster the frequency, the higher the pitch. Loudness: determined by the amplitude of the vibration of the object, the greater the amplitude, the greater the loudness. Timbre: decided by the material and the structure of the object, the timbre of the different objects is different. 4. people hear the basic process of sound: 02620038611371817591 The vibration of the tympanic membrane - the auditory ossicles and other tissues - auditory nerves - the brain Jaw bone, skull, auditory nerve and brain 5., the role of sound: the transmission of information and the transmission of energy (can be illustrated) 6., all the noise that affects peoples normal study and life is noise. In order to protect the hearing, the sound should not exceed 90dB; in order to ensure work and study, the sound can not exceed 70dB; in order to ensure rest and sleep, the sound can not exceed 50 dB. (2) change of state 1. temperature: the temperature of the object is called temperature. Unit: Celsius (DEG C): the temperature of ice water mixture - 0 degrees; the temperature of boiling water - 100 degrees Celsius 2. thermometer principle: the use of liquid expansion and contraction properties made. Commonly used liquid mercury, alcohol, kerosene and so on. 3. thermometer use: see: before use, we must see the thermometer range and graduation value; two put: glass bubble all immersed in liquid, can not touch the bottom of the container and container wall; Three reading: 1. Wait until the thermometer is steady and then read again; When 2 reading, the glass bubble can not leave the surface; When reading 3, the eyes should be flush with the