主动运输全面讲解（Active transportation comprehensive explanation）.docVIP

主动运输全面讲解（Active transportation comprehensive explanation） Second active transport The characteristics of active transportation are: (1) reverse concentration gradient (reverse chemical gradient) transport; (II) the need for energy (directly supplied by ATP) or coupled with the release of energy (coordinated transport). The main sources of energy needed for active transportation are: 1. ion gradient dynamics in cooperative transport; 2. ATP driven pumps obtain energy by hydrolysis of ATP; 3. light driven pump that uses light energy to transport substances found in bacteria. Sodium potassium pump Is actually a Na+-K+ATP enzyme (Figure 5-7), is generally composed of 2 subunits, 2 small subunit 4 dimer. Na+-K+ATP enzyme undergoes conformational changes through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, resulting in changes in affinity with Na+ and K+. With the film inside of Na+ and enzyme activation, ATP enzyme activity, ATP enzyme decomposition, phosphorylation, conformational changes, and with the Na+ binding site steering outer membrane; the phosphorylation of the enzyme of Na+ low affinity, high affinity for K+, which is released in the outer membrane of Na+, and combined with K +. The binding of K+ to phosphorylase leads to enzyme dephosphorylation, and the conformation of the enzyme is restored to its original position. Thus, the site of binding to K+ turns to the inside of the membrane, and the affinity of K+ to the enzyme decreases, so that K+ is released in the membrane and combined with Na+. The overall result is that one ATP is consumed per cycle; three Na+ are transferred and two K+ are transferred. A characteristic of the sodium potassium pump is that the transport cycle of ions depends on the autophosphorylation process, and a phosphate group on the ATP is transferred to a aspartate residue of the sodium potassium pump, resulting in conformational changes. Ionic pumps that transport ions by self - phosphorylation are called P-type, and there are calcium pumps