achievements and challenges in molecular conductors分子导体的成就和挑战.pdfVIP

Crystals 2012, 2, 875-892; doi:10.3390/cryst2030875 OPEN ACCESS crystals ISSN 2073-4352 /journal/crystals Review Achievements and Challenges in Molecular Conductors Hidetoshi Fukuyama Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan; E-Mail: fukuyama@rs.kagu.tus.ac.jp; Tel.: +81-3-3260-4271; Fax: +81-3-3260-4772 Received: 1 April 2012; in revised form: 15 June 2012 / Accepted: 18 June 2012 / Published: 5 July 2012 Abstract: Molecular solids are generally highly insulating. The creation of conducting molecular solids proved to be a major scientific challenge. As in the case of Si technology, the challenge started as impurity doping in band insulators and then developed into highly doped polymers, which are not crystalline. More conducting materials in crystalline forms have been realized in charge transfer (CT) complexes with two different kinds of molecules, where electrons are transferred between them in solids. In such CT complexes, not only conducting, but also even superconducting systems were achieved in 1980 and today more than 100 different superconductors are known. The most remarkable achievement in this direction was the realization of a truly metallic state in molecular solids based on a single kind of molecule. These are called single component molecular metals (SCMM) and consist of a rich variety of electronic properties. In these conducting