arabidopsis thaliana miro1 and miro2 gtpases are unequally redundant in pollen tube growth and fusion of polar nuclei during female gametogenesis拟南芥miro1和miro2 gtpase不公平地冗余在花粉管生长和雌配子发育期间极核的融合.pdfVIP

Arabidopsis thaliana MIRO1 and MIRO2 GTPases Are Unequally Redundant in Pollen Tube Growth and Fusion of Polar Nuclei during Female Gametogenesis Christopher G. Sørmo, Tore Brembu, Per Winge, Atle M. Bones* Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Abstract MIRO GTPases have evolved to regulate mitochondrial trafficking and morphology in eukaryotic organisms. A previous study showed that T-DNA insertion in the Arabidopsis MIRO1 gene is lethal during embryogenesis and affects pollen tube growth and mitochondrial morphology in pollen, whereas T-DNA insertion in MIRO2 does not affect plant development visibly. Phylogenetic analysis of MIRO from plants revealed that MIRO 1 and 2 orthologs in dicots cluster in two separate groups due to a gene/genome duplication event, suggesting that functional redundancy may exists between the two MIRO genes. To investigate this possibility, we generated miro1(+/ 2)/miro2-2(2/ 2) plants. Compared to miro1(+/ 2) plants, the miro1(+/ 2)/miro2-2(2/ 2) plants showed increased segregation distortion. miro1(+/ 2)/miro2-2(2/ 2) siliques contained less aborted seeds, but more than 3 times the number of undeveloped ovules. In addition, reciprocal crosses showed that co- transmission through the male gametes was nearly absent, whereas co-transmission through the female gametes was severely reduced in miro1(+/ 2)/miro2-2(2/ 2) plants. Further investigations revealed that loss of MIRO2 (miro2(2/ 2)) function in the miro1(+/ 2) background enhanced pollen tube growth defects. In developing miro1(+/ 2)/miro2(2/ 2) embryo sacs, fusion of polar nuclei was further delayed or impaired compared to miro1 plants. This phenotype has not been reported previously for miro1 plants and coincides with studies showing that defects in some mit