arctic mustard flower color polymorphism controlled by petal-specific downregulation at the threshold of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway北极芥菜花颜色阈值的差别多态性petal-specific控制对这些花青素生物合成途径.pdfVIP

Arctic Mustard Flower Color Polymorphism Controlled by Petal-Specific Downregulation at the Threshold of the Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway 1 1 1 2 3 Cynthia A. Dick , Jason Buenrostro , Timothy Butler , Matthew L. Carlson , Daniel J. Kliebenstein , Justen B. Whittall1* 1 Department of Biology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, United States of America, 2 Biological Sciences Department, University of Alaska, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America, 3 Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America Abstract Intra- and interspecific variation in flower color is a hallmark of angiosperm diversity. The evolutionary forces underlying the variety of flower colors can be nearly as diverse as the colors themselves. In addition to pollinator preferences, non- pollinator agents of selection can have a major influence on the evolution of flower color polymorphisms, especially when the pigments in question are also expressed in vegetative tissues. In such cases, identifying the target(s) of selection starts with determining the biochemical and molecular basis for the flower color variation and examining any pleiotropic effects manifested in vegetative tissues. Herein, we describe a widespread purple-white flower color polymorphism in the mustard Parrya nudicaulis spanning Alaska. The frequency of white-flowered individuals increases with increasing growing-season temperature, consistent with the role of anthocyanin pigments in stress tolerance. White petals fail to produce the stress responsive flavonoid intermediates in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP), suggesting an early pathway blockage. Petal cDNA sequences did not r