原创力文档racial group membership is associated to gaze-mediated orienting in italy种族组成员在意大利gaze-mediated定向相关联.pdfVIP
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racial group membership is associated to gaze-mediated orienting in italy种族组成员在意大利gaze-mediated定向相关联
Racial Group Membership Is Associated to
Gaze-Mediated Orienting in Italy
Giulia Pavan, Mario Dalmaso, Giovanni Galfano*, Luigi Castelli
`
Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Universita di Padova, Padova, Italy
Abstract
Viewing a face with averted gaze results in a spatial shift of attention in the corresponding direction, a phenomenon
defined as gaze-mediated orienting. In the present paper, we investigated whether this effect is influenced by social factors.
Across three experiments, White and Black participants were presented with faces of White and Black individuals. A
modified spatial cueing paradigm was used in which a peripheral target stimulus requiring a discrimination response was
preceded by a noninformative gaze cue. Results showed that Black participants shifted attention to the averted gaze of
both ingroup and outgroup faces, whereas White participants selectively shifted attention only in response to individuals of
their same group. Interestingly, the modulatory effect of social factors was context-dependent and emerged only when
group membership was situationally salient to participants. It was hypothesized that differences in the relative social status
of the two groups might account for the observed asymmetry between White and Black participants. A final experiment
ruled out an alternative explanation based on differences in perceptual familiarity with the face stimuli. Overall, these
findings strengthen the idea that gaze-mediated orienting is a socially-connoted phenomenon.
Citation: Pavan G, Dalmaso M, Galfano G, Castelli L (2011) Racial Group Membership Is Associated to Gaze-Mediated Orienting in Italy. PLoS ONE 6(10): e25608.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025608
Editor: Angela Sirigu, French Natio
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