radiolaria divided into polycystina and spasmaria in combined 18s and 28s rdna phylogeny放射虫类分为polycystina和spasmaria在18岁和28 s rdna发展史.pdfVIP

Radiolaria Divided into Polycystina and Spasmaria in Combined 18S and 28S rDNA Phylogeny 1. ˚ 1. 4 3 1 1,3 Anders K. Krabberød , Jon Brate , Jane K. Dolven , Randi F. Ose , Dag Klaveness , Tom Kristensen , Kjell R. Bjørklund1,2, Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi 1* 1 Microbial Evolution Research Group (MERG), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 2 Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 3 Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 4 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Abstract Radiolarians are marine planktonic protists that belong to the eukaryote supergroup Rhizaria together with Foraminifera and Cercozoa. Radiolaria has traditionally been divided into four main groups based on morphological characters; i.e. Polycystina, Acantharia, Nassellaria and Phaeodaria. But recent 18S rDNA phylogenies have shown that Phaeodaria belongs within Cerocozoa, and that the previously heliozoan group Taxopodida should be included in Radiolaria. 18S rDNA phylogenies have not yet resolved the sister relationship between the main Radiolaria groups, but nevertheless suggests that Spumellaria, and thereby also Polycystina, are polyphyletic. Very few sequences other than 18S rDNA have so far been generated from radiolarian cells, mostly due to the fact that Radiolaria has been impossible to cultivate and single cell PCR has been hampered by low success rate. Here we have therefore investigated the mutual evolutionary relationship of the main radio