second-order relational manipulations affect both humans and monkeys二阶关系操作影响人类和猴子.pdfVIP

Second-Order Relational Manipulations Affect Both Humans and Monkeys 1,2,3 1,4 ¨ 2,5 5 Christoph D. Dahl , Nikos K. Logothetis , Heinrich H. Bulthoff , Christian Wallraven * ¨ 1 Physiology of Cognitive Processes Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany, 2 Human Perception, Cognition and Action ¨ Department, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tubingen, Germany, 3 Language and Intelligence Section, Primate Research Insititute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan, 4 Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom, 5 Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea Abstract Recognition and individuation of conspecifics by their face is essential for primate social cognition. This ability is driven by a mechanism that integrates the appearance of facial features with subtle variations in their configuration (i.e., second-order relational properties) into a holistic representation. So far, there is little evidence of whether our evolutionary ancestors show sensitivity to featural spatial relations and hence holistic processing of faces as shown in humans. Here, we directly compared macaques with humans in their sensitivity to configurally altered faces in upright and inverted orientations using a habituation paradigm and eye tracking technologies. In addition, we tested for differences in processing of conspecific faces (human faces for humans, macaque faces fo