signs of mood and anxiety disorders in chimpanzees在黑猩猩心境和焦虑障碍的迹象.pdfVIP

Signs of Mood and Anxiety Disorders in Chimpanzees 1,2 1 3 4 5 Hope R. Ferdowsian *, Debra L. Durham , Charles Kimwele , Godelieve Kranendonk , Emily Otali , 6 7 8 ´ 1 Timothy Akugizibwe , J. B. Mulcahy , Lilly Ajarova , Cassie Mere Johnson 1 Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 2 Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America, 3 Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi–Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya, 4 AAP Sanctuary for Exotic Animals, Almere, The Netherlands, 5 Kibale Chimpanzee Project, Makerere University Biological Field Station, Kibale, Uganda, 6 Uganda Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Kampala, Uganda, 7 Chimpanzee Sanctuary Northwest, Cle Elum, Washington, United States of America, 8 Chimpanzee Sanctuary and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Entebbe, Uganda Abstract Background: In humans, traumatic experiences are sometimes followed by psychiatric disorders. In chimpanzees, studies have demonstrated an association between traumatic events and the emergence of behavioral disturbances resembling posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. We addressed the following central question: Do chimpanzees develop posttraumatic symptoms, in the form of abnormal behaviors, which cluster into syndromes similar to those described in human mood and anxiety disorders? Methodology/Principal Findings: In phase 1 of this study, we accessed case reports of chimpanzees who had been reportedly s