普通生态学的.ppt

普通生态学 Basic Ecology ;Chapter Zero: Introduction;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.2 The researching field of ecology;0.3生态学的分支学科;0.4 Study methods:;0.4 Study methods;思考题;;Chapter One: Biology and its environment ;Chapter One: Biology and its environment;Chapter One: Biology and its environment;1.1.2 Ecological factor;1.1.2 Ecological factor;2.生态因子的分类（4类）;2.生态因子的分类（4类）;3.The character of ecological factor action;1.2 生物与环境的相互作用Interaction between organisms and their environments;1.2.1环境对生物的作用;1.2.2生物对环境的反作用Influence of organisms on their environments;1.3最小因子、限制因子与耐受限度 Minimum、 limiting factors and tolerance ;1.3.2限制因子limiting factors;1.3.2限制因子limiting factors;1.3.3耐受限度与生态幅;;1.3.3耐受限度与生态幅;1.3.3耐受限度与生态幅;2. Energy environment;2.3.2 Reaction of organisms to temperature;2.3.2 Reaction of organisms to temperature;2.3.2 Reaction of organisms to temperature;2.3.2.2 生物发育和生长速度;●直线回归法计算发育起点温度和有效积温（以昆虫为例）：⑴统计某一虫态不同温度下的发育历期;⑵计算T与V的相关系数（r）,并作显著性检验;⑷计算C、K的标准差、置信区间;Part 2 Population ecology3种群生态学概论;3.1 conception of population ;3.1 conception of population ;3.1 conception of population ;3.1 conception of population ;3.2种群的基本特征;⑵种群的密度和分布The density and distribution of population;⑵种群的密度和分布;⑶种群的数量统计;⑶种群的数量统计;⑶种群的数量统计;⑷种群的空间结构;资料整理表1 频次分布统计表（以昆虫为例）;①离散型分布理论拟合;①离散型分布理论拟合;①离散型分布理论拟合;Ⅱ 奈曼分布理论频次计算;Ⅱ 奈曼分布理论频次计算;Ⅱ 奈曼分布理论频次计算;Ⅲ 负二项分布理论频次计算;Ⅲ 负二项分布理论频次计算;;②聚集强度的测定方法;㈡K值法;㈢扩散指标（Iδ）Morisita,M.(1959);㈣Taylor，L.R.(1961,1965,1978) 幂函数法则;㈤平均拥挤度（m*）Lloyd,M.(1967);㈤平均拥挤度（m*）Lloyd,M.(1967);㈤平均拥挤度（m*）Lloyd,M.(1967);㈥平均拥挤度与平均数的回归关系;㈧ 分布型的应用：理论抽样数量的确定;⑵总体呈负二项分布时的理论抽样数量;(5)种群统计学;(5)种群统计学;(5)种群统计学;(5)种群统计学;②次级种群参数：年龄结构、时期结构、性比、多态现象;②次级种群参数;②次级种群参数;②次级种群参数;思考题;4 种群的增长模型The model of population growth;4. 1 与密度无关的种群增长模型 density - independent population growth;4. 1 与密度无关的种群增长模型 density - independent