bo原则（Bo principle）.docVIP

bo原则（Bo principle） Biological internal fixation (BO): concepts, principles and methods 1 produce the background Since the late 1950s, the internal fixation technique, advocated by the AO school, has been the classical rule in the field of bone fracture therapy, [1]. AO at the beginning of the establishment, by summing up the experience of the predecessors, put forward four principles of fracture treatment, [2]: anatomical reduction; strong fixation; noninvasive operation; early painless activity. The core objective is to remove the local fretting of the fracture through the compression and fixation of the fracture end and the reconstruction of the anatomical structure, so that the fracture can reach a primary healing without callus. If there is a callus at the end of the bone, it is usually considered a sign of permanent instability, and should be avoided as far as possible. In the process of fracture healing, the firm fixation can make the joint muscles perform the full, active and painless activities as early as possible, without the use of any external fixation to prevent the occurrence of fracture disease. After more than 40 years of development and popularization, AO technology has formed a complete system from theory, principle, method to equipment and equipment, and has become one of the classical methods in the field of fracture treatment. However, the development of anything has two positive and negative aspects. In recent years, with the increasingly widespread application of AO technology, its disadvantages have become increasingly prominent. Complications such as postoperative nonunion, infection, fixation, osteoporosis, and fracture fixation, [1], etc.. It is really ironic that AO, though the principle also contains the noninvasive operation content, however, in order to achieve the purpose of rigid fixation and anatomical reduction, often with serious damage to bone blood supply at the expense of noninvasive operation is virtually impossible. In view o