no2在黑碳表面的非均相反应研究.ppt

Josette Marquardt Thishan Karandana Yunpeng Shan Outline Introduction to Richardson Number Evaluation to convection Evaluation to wind shear Conclusion Introduction to Richardson Number 1. Calculation Bulk Richardson Number Gradient Richardson Number Richardson Number = (-1)*(work by buoyancy)/(work by wind shear) Flux Richardson Number Ri 0, Stable PBL condition TKE decreases 0, Unstable PBL condition TKE increases Introduction to Richarson Number 2. Development of Boundary Layer Introduction to Richardson Number 3. Conversion of Richardson Number There is no wind shear Wind shear Z X Z X Y X Y X It seems that turbulence during daily time is dominated by dry convection, while turbulence at night is controlled by wind shear. (Wyngaard J. C. 1990) Introduction to Richardson Number 4. Comparison between convection and wind shear Observing data is used to check if this assumption is true. Evaluation to convection 1. Convections caused by the Long Wave Radiation(LWR) Here we can see that 15% out-coming long wave radiation is absorbed by atmosphere. We assume that a constant portion of this energy has been converted into TKE. Heated atmosphere will show an increasing potential temperature which also means a positive Ri’’ and increasing TKE. After sun rising, surface temperature, potential temperature and long wave radiation increased obviously. As a result of it, more energy could be provided in order to maintain the turbulence. Evaluation to convection 2. Kinetic Energy Variation caused by Potential Temperature After sun rising, TKE had an obvious increasing trend and stayed a fluctuate condition from 09:30. The same thing happened to flow kinetic energy(FKE). Evaluation of wind shear 1. Richardson Number variation caused by wind shear Y X Wind shear = Evaluation of wind shear 2. Turbulence caused by wind shear in the morning After sun rising, there was an increasing trend for both TKE and FKE. When it came to 09:30, this increasing trend converted int