英美国家概况 chapter 16.pptVIP

Australia Chapter 16 Geography and History Contents Look at the map of Australia carefully and find clues to the following items: size and location regions terrain and topography Size and Location the sixth largest country in the world located in Oceania, the Southern Hemisphere completely surrounded by water: lying between the Indian and Pacific Oceans north: the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Torres Strait east: the Coral Sea, the Tasman Sea south: the Bass Strait, the Indian Ocean west: the Indian Ocean Regions ACT—Australian Capital Territory NSW—New South Wales NT—Northern Territory QLD—Queensland SA—Southern Australia TAS—Tasmania VIC—Victoria WA—Western Australia Terrain and Topography Climate an island continent with a diverse range of climate zones north: tropical the interior: arid south: temperate Temperature: 50—0℃ Plants and Animals indigenous plants: eucalyptus the golden wattle unique animals marsupials: kangaroo, koala, wombat monotremes: platypus and echidna (the only egg-laying mammals in the world) birds: black swan EMU lyrebird white cockatoo Natural Landscape Great Barrier Reef Uluru (Ayers Rock) Alice Springs Barossa Valley History European Exploration and Settlement early exploration 1606: Torres, Spanish, Torres Strait 1642: Abel Tasman, Dutch, Tasmania Island 1688: William Dampier, British, northwest 1770: James Cook, British, Botany Bay and named it New South Wales penal settlements 1783: the American Revolution ended and Australia was established as a new penal settlement at Botany Bay in Australia. expanding colonization: Growth of sheep grazing Gold rush treatment of aborigines: 1788: 300,000 Australian aborigines 19th and 20th century: decline steeply Movement toward Federation 1889: NSW began the movement to replace the Federal Council. Henry Parkes, its premier, announced that the colony would support a new form of federalism. 1900: the six colo