动词的时态和语态用法和练习.docVIP

第一讲 动词的时态和语态 英语谓语动词主动语态的十六种时态 英语中谓语动词按照其4种不同的动作状态，放入4种不同的时段，就构成16种时态： 一般式 do 进行式 be doing 完成式 have done 完成进行式 have been doing 现 在 时 do / does am / is / are doing Have/ has done have / has been doing 过 去 时 did was / were doing had done had been doing +将 来 时 shall/ will do shall/ will be doing shall/ will have done shall / will have been doing 过将 去来 时 should/ would do should/ would be doing should / would have done should / would have been doing 一般现在时表示经常性动作或状态；表示真理或可观事实；表示主语的特征或状态；用于时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。如下列例句所示： Families in the United States usually eat dinner about six o’clock in the evening. 美国的家庭通常在晚上6点钟左右吃晚饭。 The teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder. 老师告诉他们，由于光传播得比声音快，所以闪电好像发生在雷声之前。 Muscles move bones by pulling on tendons. 肌肉是通过拉动腱而使骨头活动的。 If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she does. 如果她现在不告诉他实情，他会没完没了地问她，直到她这样做了为止。 一般过去时与表示或暗含过去的时间状语连用；用于叙述逝者的情况；在时间和条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。如下列例句所示： After Peter grew a beard, even his close friends did not recognize him at first sight. 彼得蓄须之后，即使他的亲密朋友一眼也认不出他来。 The last half of the nineteenth century witnessed the steady improvement of the means of travel. 19世纪后半期，旅行的工具不断改进。 Emma Lazarus, a poet and essayist, wrote the sonnet inscribed on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty. 诗人兼散文作家埃玛·拉扎勒斯写了这首被镌刻在自由女神像基座上的十四行诗。 “When did he do before he retired?” “He drove a city bus for over twenty-five years.” “他在退休之前做什么？” “他开了25多年的城市公共汽车。” I decided to go to the library as soon as I finished what I was doing. 我决定一结束手头的事就到图书馆去。 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，将来时有多种表示方法：“shall/will +动词原形” “be going +不定式” “be about+不定式”（表示正要，刚要） “be +不定式” （表示按期将要发生的动作） “be doing”表示马上要发生的动作，常用于come, go, start, begin, leave, retire 等动词。 While people may refer to television for news, it is not likely that television will replace the new