芬兰国家文化演示文稿.ppt

芬兰——千湖之国 The Republic of finland Finland is bordered on the west by Sweden and the Gulf of Bothnia,on the north by Norway,on the east and southeast by Russia,on the sorth by the Gulf of Finland and on the south-wast by the Baltic sea. The country lies between 60°and 70°north latitude, and has severe winters and relatively short growing seasons. 芬兰接壤，西由瑞典和波的尼亚湾，在北挪威，在东部和东南部的俄罗斯，对北海湾的芬兰和对south-wast由波罗的海。 国家介于60和70°°北纬，并有寒冬和较短的生长季节。 Education developed. 1921 since the implementation of compulsory education. Implemented in the whole nation since 19809 year system compulsory, free education. In 2003 the whole nation has 5103 types of schools, school students more than 1901000 people. The 2003 education budget of 5786000000 euros, total government budget15.7%. Famous universities, University of Helsinki, University of Tampere, Helsinki University of technology. 教育事业发达。1921年起实行义务教育。1980年起在全国实行9年一贯制义务、免费教育。2003年全国有各类学校 5103所，在校学生超过190.1万人。 　 　2003年教育预算为57.86亿欧元，占政府预算的15.7%。著名高等学校有赫尔辛基大学、赫尔辛基技术大学、坦佩雷大学等。 The name Suomi has uncertain origins but a strong candidate for a cognate is the Baltic word zeme meaning “ground, earth, country”. In another approach, Finnish suo means “fen”, which is one of the characteristic biotypes of Finland. Some etymologists have proposed that Suomi is derived from the word suoma, which means “god-given” or “a gift of mercy”. The exonym Finland has resemblance with e.g. the Scandinavian placenames Finnmark, Finnveden and Finnskogen and all are thought to be derived from finn, a Germanic word for nomadic “hunter-gatherers” (as opposed to sedentary farmers). How, why and when this designation would have started to mean the Finns in particular is largely unknown. Among the first written documents mentioning a “land of the Finns” are two rune stones. There is one in S?derby, Sweden, with the inscription finlont and one in Gotland, a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea, with the inscrip