2.3 弹性和其应用.pdfVIP

2.3 Elasticity and Its Application 弹性及其应用 本节问题：  What is elasticity? 何谓弹性  What is the price elasticity of demand? How is it related to the demand curve and revenue? 什么需求价格弹性？它与需求曲线与收入有何联系？  What is the price elasticity of supply? How is it related to the supply curve? 什么是供给价 格弹性？它与供给曲线有何联系？  What are the income and cross-price elasticities of demand? 什么是需求的收入弹性与需 求的交叉价格弹性？ 2.3.1 Elasticity 弹性 d s Elasticity: a measure of the responsiveness of quantity demanded (Q ) or quantity supplied (Q ) to a change in one of tis determinants 【弹性】衡量需求量或供给量对其某种决定因素的变动的反应程度的指标 Different Elasticities 不同类型的弹性  Price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性  Price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性  Income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性  Cross-price elasticity of demand 需求交叉弹性 2.3.2 Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Determinants 需求 价格弹性及其决定因素 Price elasticity of demand: a measure of how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in the price of that good, computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price 【需求价格弹性】衡量一种物品需求量对其价格变动反应程度的指标，用需求量变动百分比 除以价格变动百分比来计算 需求量变动百分比 ∆ ∆ 需求价格弹性= = = × 价格变动百分比 ∆ ∆ d  Price elasticity of demand (E ) measures how much Q responds to a change in P. 需求价格 D 弹性衡量需求量如何随着价格的变动而变化。  Loosely speaking, it measures the price-sensitivity of buyers’ demand. 简单地讲，它测量买 者需求的价格敏感度。  Use absolute value (drop the minus sign) 使用绝对值 （丢弃减号）  Problem: the standard method gives different answers depending on where you start