神话的挪用改写和美国华裔作家的文化身份.docVIP

中国神话的挪用改写和美国华裔作家的文化身份 管建明 （广东外语外贸大学· 广州·510420） Appropriation and Revisioning of Chinese Cultural Myths and Cultural Identity of Chinese American Writers GUAN Jianming (Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China) 【内容提要】： 美国华裔文学作品中存在许多对于中国神话的挪用和改写现象，不明就里的评论者往往会想当然地将其与华裔美国作家的“中国性”联系起来，不仅如此，评论者还将此现象与美国华裔作家的文化身份或文化认同联系起来。本文在分析汤婷婷和赵健秀的一些作品的基础上，试图揭示这些美国华裔作家在创造性地运用这些中国文化元素的过程中，不仅将其在美国文化语境中的意识形态无意地读进了他们的作品，从而使其文本指向他们文化身份中“美国性”的一面，而且在挪用改写中还渗透了他们对于美国种族歧视观念和实践的批判。他们独特的华裔美国文化身份内涵也因此在中国神话的“误读”中得以间接地呈现。 【关键词】美国华裔文学， 汤婷婷，赵健秀，中国神话，文化身份。 Abstract: Due to the fact that there are much appropriation and revisioning of Chinese cultural myths in Chinese American literature, those critics who have not made a deep investigation into this area would take it for granted that this literary phenomenon points to the “Chineseness” of those Chinese American writers. What’s more, still others further have come to relate this literary phenomenon to their cultural identity or cultural identification. Based on analyzing some of the literary works by Maxine Hong Kinston and Frank Chin, this paper aims to reveal that in their creative appropriation and revisioning, these writers have unconsciously read into their works the ideologies which they were brought up to imbibe in American cultural context, but also instilled into their works vehement critiquing on the prevailing American racist notions and practices, thereby highlighting their unique Chinese “Americanness” in terms of their cultural identity.The unique connotations of their cultural identity are accordingly revealed to us in thir cultural misunderstanding. 【Key words】 : Chinese American literature, Hong Kinston, Frank Chin, Cultural Myths, Cultural identity 【正文】在美国华裔文学中，有一个突出的现象就是就是华裔美国作家对于中国神话的创造性的挪用和改写的现象。这里的 “神话”概念不仅包含了狭义上的理解，譬如茅盾将其定义为“一种流行于上古民间的故事，所叙述者，是超乎人类能力以上的神们的行事，虽然荒唐无稽，但是古代人民互相传述，却信以为真”（茅盾 3），甚至还指涉如同神话的神一样民族英雄的传说；而且也涵盖了广义上的内容，“神话”还可指涉那些“没有事实根据的叙事，尤其指那些表达了无法实现的美好愿望的叙事”（茅盾 4）