贵州喀斯特区石化过程中植被特征的变化.PDF

第 27 卷第 3 期 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版 Vol. 27 , No . 3 2003 年 5 月 Journal of N anjing Forestry U niversity( N atural Sciences Edition) May . , 2003 贵州喀斯特区石漠化过程中植被特征的变化 王德炉1 ， 2 朱守谦2 黄宝龙l ( l.南京林业大学，江苏 南京 210037; 2. 贵州大学，贵州| 贵阳 550025) 摘要:对石漠化过程中植被的特征进行了研究。结果表明:在石漠化过程中，植被种类组成从 高大乔木向典型的小灌木退化，并随着环境干旱程度的加剧向早生化演替;植被迫化的趋势依 次为次生乔林→乔灌林→灌木林或藤刺灌丛→稀灌草坡或草坡→稀疏灌草丛，但优越的气候 条件仍保持了该区较高的物种多样性-群落密度先增加后下降群落高度和盖度随环境退化降 低明显，形成稀疏植被覆盖的荒漠景观;小生境的恶劣程度随暴露程度的增加而增加，植被起 源方式受干扰的影响较大;土地生产力的衰退是以乔木树种的衰退为主要标志，群落生物量急 2 剧减少，变动幅度为 41. 134- 0.206 t/ hm 。退化过程中植被与环境形成正反馈关系，并具有 退化方向上的一致性、退化过程的非同步性和退化速度的非线性等特点。植被迫化是石漠化 发展的重要原因和标志。 关键词: 石漠化;植被;群落;生境;退化 中图分类号 S718 文献标识码:A 文章编号: 1000- 2006(2003)03- 0026- 05 。langes of Vegetation Features of Rocky Desertification Process in Karst Area of Guizhou 1 2 WANG De- lu , 2 , ZHU Shotrqian , HUANG Baσlongl ( l. Nanjing For臼try University , Nanjing 210037 , China; 2. Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025 , China) Abstract: Features of plants in the process of rocky desertification were studied. In this process , vegetation ∞mpositions varied greatly , w ith a degraded direction of tree to shrub , and species were replaced by more drough t- resistant species with more drought degree increased. The tendency of degradation on vegetation was trees , tree- shrubs , shrubs , shrub- grass or grassland and thin shrub- grass successively , w hile abundant species diversity were kept in a favorable climate. The community density increased firstly , then declined , and the height and coverage of community had dec