electrodesforbiophysicalsensingbioelectrodes生物电极.ppt

6-9 Electrodes for biophysical sensing Shuyi Wang Bringing Sight to the Blind Dr. Mark Humayun uses a small external camera to transmit images to an implanted 4 mm x 5 mm retina chip (视网膜芯片) with 16 electrodes, which is positioned near the ganglion cell layer of the eye. Six blind patients have been implanted with the device, one has had a device installed for more than three years. In its current form the retinal implant is a 4 mm x 5 mm device studded with 16 electrodes in a 4 x 4 array. It is implanted in the retina where the photoreceptor rods and cones are, and it transmits electrical pulses to the intact(完整的) neural paths of the patient, which in turn transmit the signals to the brain, allowing for sight. 主要内容 bioelectrodes three forms of electrode half cell 6-9 Electrodes for biophysical sensing Bioelectrodes（生物电极） are a class of sensors that transduce ionic conduction（离子导电） to electronic conduction（电子导电） so that the signal can be processed in electronic circuits（电子电路）. Ionic conduction Ionic conduction involves the migration of ions--positively and negatively charged molecules—throughout(遍及) a region, whereas electronic conduction involves the flow of electrons（电子） under the influence of an electrical field. Bioelectrodes Electrodes for medical purposes, such as EEG, ECG, ECT, defibrillator electrocardiographic(ECG心电) electroencephalographic(EEG脑电) electromyographic(EMG肌电) ECG graph paper One second of ECG graph paper A typical electrocardiograph runs at a paper speed of 25 mm/s, although faster paper speeds are occasionally used. Each small block of ECG paper is 1 mm2. At a paper speed of 25 mm/s, one small block of ECG paper translates into 0.04 s (or 40 ms). Five small blocks make up 1 large block, which translates into 0.20 s (or 200 ms). Hence, there are 5 large blocks per second. A diagnostic quality 12 lead ECG is calibrated at 10 mm/mV, so 1 mm translates into 0.1 mV. A calibration signal should be i