山东省梁山一中高三英语-语法专题复习 音标与字母组合.docVIP

山东省梁山一中2014届高三英语语法专题复习：音标与字母组合 学好英语的前提是掌握足够的词汇，而对学习英语的人来说，记忆单词是一件枯草乏味的事，而且记了忘，再记再忘，使学习者倍受打击。本文用表格形式列举了字母及字母组合与发音的关系，并附有例词，对个别例外的发音也有详细的说明，简单实用。如果你能认真阅读我总结的《字母及字母组合与发音的规律》，相信你不会再为记单词发愁。本文能有效地帮助你迅速扩大你的词汇量。 一、元音: 音标有48个，其中元音20个，20个元音音标中又分12单元音和8个双元音；辅音音标28个；其中又分11个清辅音和17个浊辅音。 单元音： 前元音：[i:] [ i ] [e] [?]； 中元音 [?] [?:] [? ]； 后元音 [α:] [?] [?:] [u] [u:] 双元音：[ei] [ai] [au] [?i] [?u]； 集中双元音[i?] [e?] [u?] 元音、辅音对照表 元音 12 个单元音长元音[?:] [?:] [u:] [α:] 短元音[i] [?] [?] [u] [?] [?] [e] 8 个双元音[ei] [ai] [au] [?i] [?u] [i?] [e?] [u?] 辅音清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [t?] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [e] [?] [d?] [dr] [dz] 3 个鼻音[m] [n] [?] 3 个似拼音[h](清辅音) [r] [l] 2 个半元音[w] [j] 注：[h]、 [r]、 [l]由于它们三个的发音非常相似，所以称之为似拼音[ei] 在重读开音节中 a, same, labour [?] 在重读闭音节中 cat, pack, plan [? ] 在非重读音节中 about, again, woman, China [?] 前面是辅音[w] wash, what, want [α:] 后面是ss, st, sk, th, f, n class, fast, ask, bath, staff, dance ai/ay [ei] 在重读音节中 afraid, gain, wait, day, play, way [ i ] 在非重读音节中 mountain, portrait, Sunday, holiday air [e?] air, chair, hair al [?] 但在f, m前发[α:] wall, call, talk, walk, half, palm ar [α:] 在重读音节中 car, farm, party [?] 在非重读音节中 grammar, sugar, particular are [e?] care, dare, rare au(gh) [?:] cause, August, fault; daughter, caught, taught aw [?:] law, claw, saw b [b] bed, book, club [/] 前面是字母m comb, tomb, climb c [k] 后面是a, o, u cap, cool, cut 后是辅音字母 clean, class, cream [s] 后面是字母e, i, y centre, nice, city, bicycle ch [t?] child, change, teach, check [k] 在某些单词中 school, chemistry, headache, stomach ck [k] back, clock, pocket d [d] desk, red, hard dge [d?] bridge, fridge, judge e [i:] 在重读开音节中 we, he she, these [e] 在重读闭音节中 pen, best, well [?] 在非重读音节中 silence, open [i] 在前缀或后缀中 decision, behind, careless ea [i:] beat, meat, sea, breathe [e] head, breakfast, peasant, breath [ei/e] 两个单词中 great, steak（肉排，牛排） ear [i?] hear, clear, dear, near [?:] heard, early, learn, pearl [α:] heart