精品并列结构.pptVIP

并列结构 并列(Coordination )与从属(subordination)是两种重要的手段，它们能够把两个或两个以上的信息连接起来表示出它们之间的相互关系，是同等的重要．还是有主次之分。 比如这里有两句活：Tom was doing his homework．Jim was sleeping． 如果说话人认为这两句话所传递的信息在重要性上差不多是相等的，就可以把它们一前一后地排列起来，或者用并列连词把它们连接起来： Tom was doing his homework． Jim was sleeping. Tom was doing his homework，and Jim was sleeping 如果在说话人看来，这两句话并非同等重要，便可以通过从属手段使次要的信息出现在从句中，而使主要的信息出现在主句中： While Tom was doing his homework，Jim was sleeping． 或者： While Jim was sleeping，Tom was doing his homework． 并列结构的语法特征 并列结构的语法特征 并列结构可以是词和词的并列，可以是的组和词组的并列，也可以是分句和分句的并列。就并列项目的多少来说，并列结构既可以是双项并列，也可以是多项并列。 从并列项目上说 1.双项并列双项并列指两个词、两个词组或者两个分句的并列结构形式。例如： He is an intelligent and hardworking young man. Both the parents and their children want to live in the country 2.多项并列 多项并列指由三个或三个以上项目构成的并列结构。在多项并列结构中，通常是在前面的每个并列项目之后用逗号，在最后一个并列项目之前用连词。例如： There is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk, and several chairs in the room. 1.并列成分可以是词、词组的并列，如： ladies and gentlemen（名词） buy or sell（动词） good but expensive（形容词） a doctor and a nurse（名词词组） with strength but without confidence（介词词组） He is a teacher，and his wife is a doctor．(分句的并列) 2.并列结构可以是主语、谓语动词的并列，也可以是表语、状语的并列。例如： John and his wife are my closest friends．（主语） He speaks，used to speak，with a very strong accent．（谓语动词） This dress is very cheap but rather old-fashioned．（表语） You can go to Beijing by train or by air．（状语） 并列句的种类 并列句(compound sentence)指的是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成的句子。并列句的通常结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句。其中的简单句通常被叫做分句。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。 Stop the child or he will be falling over. I waited but he never turned up. 并列句种类（根据并列分句之间的关系不同分） 1.表示联合关系的并列句 此类并列句常用并列连词and (和), not only ... but also... (不但……而且……)等来连接，这时分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。 We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much. 2.表示对比转折关系的并列句 while ， whereas， but ，yet，however, nevertheless(然而，不过) She drinks black coffee while I prefer it with cream. 她喜欢喝清咖啡而我喜欢加奶油的。 3.表示选择关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词or ，otherwise(要不然)，either … or … 等连接。 Either Lily or Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. 4.表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用