小波分析在故障诊断中应用.docVIP

测 控 系统 课 程 设 计 题目:基于小波分析的故障诊断 院 （系） 机电及自动化学院 专 业 测控技术与仪器1班 学 号 0911211014 姓 名 李志文 级 别 2 0 0 9 指导老师 王启志 2012年6月 摘 要 基于小波变换的故障诊断是当前比较热门的一项研究之一，如何快速、准确地提取故障信号，如何准确定位故障的发生点及进行故障的预测是故障分析与检测的关键性问题。本文就此问题展开如下研究。 详细分析了小波变换的基本理论、小波变换用于故障检测的基本原理。关键词：小波分析，故障检测，小波基选取，奇异性ABSTRACT Fault diagnosis based on wavelet transform is one of the popular a study, how quickly and accurately extract the fault signal, and how to accurately locate the fault occurred and the failure of the forecasts are the key issues of fault analysis and detection. On this issue, the following research. In this paper a detailed analysis of the basic theory of wavelet transform, the basic principles of wavelet transform for fault detection. Several commonly used wavelet and its application characteristics. By case analysis comparing different wavelet characteristics, by understanding their strengths and weaknesses in different environments to select the appropriate wavelet for fault detection, and select the appropriate wavelet for a different focus. KEY WORDS: wavelet analysis，defect detection，wavelet basis selection, singularity 一、小波分析概述·······································1 二、小波分析的兴起及其在故障诊断的应用·················1 三、几种常用小波介绍···································3 四、小波分析在故障诊断中的应用实例·····················7 4.1 利用小波分析检测传感器故障·························7 4.2 利用小波分析检测信号突变点·························10 4.3 小波类型的选择对检测突变信号的影响·················11 4.4 Daubechies5小波用于检测含有突变点的信号···········18 五、心得体会··········································20 六、参考文献··········································21 一、小波分析概述 小波分析(Wavelet Analysis)即小波变换是80年代中期发展起来的一门新兴的数学理论和方法，它被认为是傅立叶分析方法的突破性进展，它具有许多优良的特性。小波变换的基本思想类似于Fourier变换，就是用信号在一族基函数张成的空间上的投影表征该信号。经典的Fourier变换把信号按三角正、余弦基展开，将任意函数表示为具有不同频率的谐波函数的线性迭加，能较好地刻划信号的频率特性，但它在时空域上无任何分辨，不能作局部分析，这在理论和应用上都带来了许多不便。小波分析优于傅立叶之处在于，小波分析在时域和频域同时具有良好的局部化性质，因为小波函数是紧支集，而三角正、余弦的区间是无穷区间，所以小波变换可以对高频成分采用