中欧共同市场支配地之比较研究.PDFVIP

中欧共同市场支配地位之比较研究 Collective Dominance in China and EU: A Comparative Study 侯利阳 Liyang Hou 上海交通大学凯原法学院副教授、竞争法律与政策研究中心副主任 Associate Professor, KoGuan Law School Deputy Director, Center for Competition Law and Policy 中欧竞争政策周 2014年10月24 日 主要内容 Table of Content • 经济学的发展Evolution in Economics • 欧盟的实践EU Practice • 中国的实践Chinese Practice • 结论及建议Conclusions and Suggestions 1.经济学的发展 1. Evolution in Economics 19世纪的古典经济学 Classical Economics in 19th Century • 完美竞争和垄断Perfect Competition vs. Monopoly • 寡头竞争Oligopolistic Competition – 古诺竞争Cournot Competition – 伯川德竞争Bertrand Competition 哈佛学派Harvard School • 张伯伦指出寡头垄断者可能会意识到共同提价、而不是共 同降价会对他们更有利（“张伯伦共谋”）Chamberlin suggested that oligopolists may find it beneficial by increasing, rather than cutting, prices (Chamberlinian collusion). • 贝恩随后发现高市场集中度和垄断利润之间具有一定的联 系。Bain found a link between market concentration and supra-competitive profits. • 哈佛学派主张应当利用反垄断法调整寡头行为。Harvard School contended to include “Shared Monopoly” under the scope of Section 2 of Sherman Act. 芝加哥学派Chicago School • 斯提格勒提出了一些“张伯伦共谋”可能出现的严 格条件，比如市场透明度。Stigler demonstrated that Chamberlinian collusion may arise in the presence of demanding conditions, such as market transparency. • 芝加哥学派对于共同市场支配地位的观点比较暧 昧。The Chicago school nevertheless remained divided over tacit collusion. 不合作博弈论Non-Cooperative Game Theory 1200 200 600 600 800 200 1200 1000 1000 四要件说Four