材料科学导论-联合大学.PDF

材料科學導論材料科學導論材料科學導論材料科學導論 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction ofofofof MaterialsMaterialsMaterialsMaterials ScienceScienceScienceScience 許正興 國立聯合大學電機工程學系國立聯合大學電機工程學系 聯大電機系電子材料與元件應用實驗室 1. Introduction of Materials Science and Engineering 2. Atomic Structure and Bonding 3. Crystal Structures and Crystal Geometry 4. Solidification, Crystalline Imperfections and Diffusion in SSolidlids 5. Phase Diagrams 6.6. ElectronicElectronic MaterialsMaterials 聯大電機系電子材料與元件應用實驗室 Crystal Structures and Crystal Geometry Solid may be categorized broadly into crystalline and amorphous solids. Crystalline solids, due to orderly structure of their atoms, molecules, or ions possess well-defined shapes. = Metals are crystalline and are composed of well- defined crystals or grains. the grains are small and not clearly observable due to the oppaqque nature of metals. The Space Lattice and Unit Cells IfIf thethe atomsatoms oror ionsions formform aa solidsolid areare arrangearrange inin aa patternpattern thatthat repeatsrepeats itselfitself inin three dimensions, they form a solid that has long-range order (LRO) and is referred to as a crystalline solid or crystalline material. = metals, alloys, and some ceramiic matteriialls. Some materials whose atoms and ions are not arranged in a long-range, periodicperiodic, andand repeatablerepeatable mannermanner andand possesspossess onlyonly shortshort-rangerange orderorder (SRO)(SRO) = this means that order exists only in the immediate neighborhood of an atom or a molecule. ; such as liquid water = amorphous or noncrystalline