电外科手术基本原理.ppt

* * Prior to using active electrodes during endoscopic minimally invasive procedures, check electrode insulation for cracks, breaks, and holes. Under no circumstances, use a hybrid cannula system (metal and plastic components) during minimally invasive surgery. Use of a hybrid cannula greatly increases the patient’s risk for injury secondary to capacitive coupled current. * * When applying a return electrode, check return electrode package for outdate and package integrity. Discard the package if it has expired or has been compromised. Do not use a return electrode that has been removed from the package and placed on the shelf. Closely follow the manufacturer’s written instructions when using a return electrode. If the manufacturer’s instructions are not followed, you may be liable for a patient injury that may occur. * * Before applying a hydrogel adhesive return electrode, lightly touch the surface of the gel to assure that the conductive adhesive is moist. Discard a return electrode that is not moist. If using a dry adhesive return electrode or a water-based gel return electrode, consult the manufacturer’s recommendations before touching the conductive adhesive surface. Some manufacturers caution about touching the conductive surface. * * Always inspect the return electrode before each use for wire breakage or fraying. Choose a return electrode of an appropriate size for the patient. If the return electrode is too large, do not cut the return electrode to reduce its size. Cutting the return electrode causes high current density at the site of the cut and may result in a patient burn. * * Do not use a return electrode designed for a generator without a contact quality monitoring system on a generator equipped with a contact quality monitoring system. Doing so will not activate the return electrode monitor, thus placing the patient at risk for a return electrode site burn. When using an isolated generator equipped with a contact quality monito