2011 german escherichia coli o104h4 outbreak whole-genome phylogeny without alignment2011年德国大肠杆菌疫情o104h4全基因组发展史没有对齐.pdfVIP
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2011 german escherichia coli o104h4 outbreak whole-genome phylogeny without alignment2011年德国大肠杆菌疫情o104h4全基因组发展史没有对齐
2011 German Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak:
whole-genome phylogeny without alignment
Cheung et al.
Cheung et al. BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:533
/1756-0500/4/533 (13 December 2011)
Cheung et al. BMC Research Notes 2011, 4:533
/1756-0500/4/533
SHORT REPORT Open Access
2011 German Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak:
whole-genome phylogeny without alignment
*
Man-Kit Cheung, Lei Li, Wenyan Nong and Hoi-Shan Kwan
Abstract
Background: A large-scale Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak occurred in Germany from May to July 2011, causing
numerous cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and deaths. Genomes of ten outbreak isolates and a
historical O104:H4 strain isolated in 2001 were sequenced using different new generation sequencing platforms.
Phylogenetic analyses were performed using various approaches which either are not genome-wide or may be
subject to errors due to poor sequence alignment. Also, detailed pathogenicity analyses on the 2001 strain were
not available.
Findings: We reconstructed the phylogeny of E. coli using the genome-wide and alignment-free feature frequency
profile method and revealed the 2001 strain to be the closest relative to the 2011 outbreak strain among all
available E. coli strains at present and confirmed findings from previous alignment-based phylogenetic studies that
the HUS-causing O104:H4 strains are more closely related to typical enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) than to
enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Detailed re-examination of pathogenicity-related virulence factors and secreted proteins
showed that the 2001 strain possesses virulence factors shared between typical EAEC and the 2011 outbreak st
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