电磁学electricityandmagnetism.pdfVIP

電磁學 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM Ch1 向量分析 Vector Analysis 成功大學物理學系 朱淑君 大綱 1.1 Vector Algebra Vector Operations, Vector Algebra: Component Form, Triple Products, Position, Displacement, and Separation Vectors, How Vectors Transform 1.2 Differential Calculus Ordinary Derivatives, Gradient, The Operator “▽”, The Divergence, The Curl, Product Rules, Second Derivatives 1.3 Integral Calculus (Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals), The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, The Fundamental Theorem for Gradients, The Fundamental Theorem for Divergences, The Fundamental Theorem for Curls, Integration by Parts . 1.4 Curvilinear Coordinates Spherical Polar Coordinates, Cylindrical Coordinates 1.5 The Dirac Delta Function ˆ 2 The Divergence of r/r , The One-Dimensional Dirac Delta Function, The Three-Dimensional Delta Function 1.6 The Theory of Vector Fields The Helmholtz Theorem, Potentials NCKU, Phys., 朱淑君,電磁學 2 1.1 Vector Algebra Vectors Scalars ( 向量與純量)  Vectors ：同時具有“大小(magnitude)” 及“方向(direction)” 的量  Ex: displacements, velocity, acceleration, force momentum…等。  書中的表示：粗體英文, d, V, a, F, p…etc. 向量的大小：|d |,| V |,| a |, |F |, |p | …etc. 或d, V, a, F, p  圖示：長度正比於向量大小的箭號、箭頭指向方向  Note: 向量( -A ) 為與向量A 同大小但反方向的向量。 向量定出了大小、方向，但不限定位置, ex: A = B B  Scalars ：具有“大小(magnitude)” 但不具方向的量  Ex: mass, charge, density temperature …等。  書中的表示：正常字體, m, q, , T…etc. NCKU, Phys., 朱淑君,電磁學 3 向量的運算：一加法、三乘法 向量相加(addition)  表示：  方式：將